Hubungan Struktur Lini dan Staf Organisasi Dengan Diagramnya

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Untuk menjalankan organisasi dengan baik kita membutuhkan kontribusi dari lini maupun staf dan hubungan mereka harus terdefinisi dengan baik dalam struktur organisasi.

Banyak kebingungan telah muncul di antara para sarjana dan manajer tentang apa yang sebenarnya menjadi pembeda antara “lini” dan “staf”.

Akibatnya, mungkin tidak ada area manajemen yang menyebabkan lebih banyak kesulitan, lebih banyak gesekan, dan lebih banyak kehilangan waktu dan efektivitas.
Namun hubungan lini-dan-staf anggota organisasi tentu mempengaruhi operasi perusahaan.

Salah satu pandangan umum tentang lini dan staf adalah bahwa fungsi lini merupakan fungsi yang memiliki dampak langsung pada pencapaian tujuan perusahaan.

Di sisi lain, fungsi Staf adalah fungsi yang membantu orang-orang lini bekerja paling efektif dalam mencapai tujuan.

Orang-orang yang menganut pandangan ini hampir selalu mengklasifikasikan produksi dan penjualan (dan kadang-kadang keuangan) sebagai fungsi lini dan akuntansi, personalia, pemeliharaan pabrik, dan kontrol kualitas sebagai fungsi staf.

Struktur organisasi yang hanya terdiri dari eksekutif lini disebut sebagai organisasi lini.

Contoh struktur diagram dari organisasi semacam itu mungkin seperti di bawah ini:

Hubungan Struktur Lini dan Staf Organisasi Dengan Diagramnya

Struktur organisasi yang terdiri dari eksekutif lini dan eksekutif staf disebut sebagai organisasi lini dan staf.

Contoh struktur diagramnya;

Hubungan Struktur Lini dan Staf Organisasi Dengan Diagramnya 2

Sifat Hubungan Lini dan Staf

Otoritas lini memberi atasan garis otoritas atas bawahan. Itu ada di semua organisasi sebagai skala atau serangkaian langkah yang tidak terputus.

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Oleh karena itu, prinsip skalar dalam organisasi.

Semakin jelas garis wewenang dari posisi manajemen tertinggi dalam suatu perusahaan ke setiap posisi bawahan, semakin jelas tanggung jawab untuk pengambilan keputusan dan semakin efektif komunikasi organisasi.

Di banyak perusahaan besar, langkah-langkahnya panjang dan rumit; tetapi bahkan dalam yang terkecil; fakta organisasi memperkenalkan prinsip skalar.

Oleh karena itu, menjadi jelas dari prinsip skalar bahwa wewenang garis adalah hubungan di mana seorang atasan melakukan pengawasan langsung atas hubungan wewenang bawahan yang berada dalam garis atau langkah langsung.

Sifat hubungan kepegawaian adalah penasehat. Fungsi orang dalam kapasitas staf murni adalah untuk menyelidiki, meneliti, dan memberikan saran kepada manajer lini.

Manfaat Struktur Lini dan Staf

Ada banyak keuntungan dan manfaat dari penggunaan staf. Beberapa di antaranya adalah:

Menangani fungsi manajerial yang kompleks

Perlunya memiliki saran dari staf yang berkualifikasi dan berspesialisasi dalam berbagai bidang organisasi hampir tidak dapat terlalu kita tekankan, terutama karena operasi menjadi lebih dan lebih kompleks.

Membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan

Manajer saat ini menghadapi kebutuhan untuk membuat keputusan yang memerlukan pengetahuan ahli dalam hal-hal seperti masalah lingkungan, kekuatan, dan kelemahan organisasi, dan sebagainya.

Membebaskan eksekutif puncak yang terlalu terbebani

Staf spesialis mencurahkan waktu mereka untuk berpikir, mengumpulkan data, dan menganalisisnya atas nama atasan mereka yang sibuk. Staf spesialis adalah eksekutif tingkat atas yang jarang ada, yang memiliki waktu atau akan meluangkan waktu, untuk melakukan hal-hal yang dapat dia lakukan dengan sangat baik.

Kekurangan Struktur Lini dan Staf

Penggunaan staf spesialis dapat memastikan banyak manfaat bagi organisasi tetapi sifat otoritas staf dan kesulitan memahaminya menyebabkan masalah tertentu dalam praktiknya.

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Klausa pelarian untuk spesialis staf

Staf spesialis hanya mengusulkan rencana; yang lain harus memutuskan untuk mengadopsi rencana tersebut dan menjalankannya. Ini menciptakan situasi yang ideal untuk mengalihkan kesalahan atas kesalahan.

Staf akan mengklaim bahwa itu adalah rencana yang baik dan gagal karena manajer operasi tidak efisien dan tidak efektif.

Otoritas lini sedang dirusak

Manajer operasi (lini) mewakili arus utama organisasi dan mereka sangat organisasi perlukan.

Namun, spesialis staf mungkin lupa bahwa nilai mereka terletak pada sejauh mana mereka memperkuat manajer lini dan juga bahwa mereka harus memberi nasihat dan bukan untuk memerintah.

Mereka perlu mengingat bahwa jika mereka merusak otoritas lini, mereka berisiko untuk organisasi buang. Jika ada orang yang dapat dibuang dalam suatu organisasi, kemungkinan besar adalah staf spesialis.

Ketidakpraktisan rekomendasi staf

Karena orang-orang staf tidak menerapkan apa yang mereka rekomendasikan, ada kemungkinan bahwa mereka mungkin berpikir dalam ruang hampa, sehingga membuat rekomendasi mereka tidak praktis dan yang pada gilirannya, sering mengakibatkan gesekan, kehilangan semangat dan sabotase.

Perpecahan dalam komando

Kesatuan komando tidak dapat organisasi hindari bagi manajemen mana pun untuk mencapai tujuannya.

Jadi, banyak otoritas, yang diciptakan dari penggunaan staf spesialis, dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi yang membawa malapetaka.

Kerumitan dalam kepemimpinan dan kontrol

Kepala eksekutif dari sebuah organisasi besar mungkin begitu sibuk berurusan dengan saran dan rekomendasi dari sejumlah besar staf spesialis sehingga ia hanya memiliki sedikit waktu untuk dicurahkan ke departemen operasi.

Otoritas lini bertanggung jawab untuk menjalankan organisasi sesuai dengan rencana strategis. Otoritas staf memainkan peran sebagai penasihat karena tugas mereka adalah menyelidiki, meneliti, dan memberikan saran kepada manajer lini.

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