Pengertian Diagram Pareto dan Cara Pembuatannya Terlengkap

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Pengertian diagram pareto menurut Thommas Pyzdek (2002) adalah “Proses dalam memperingkat kesempatan untuk menentukan yang mana dari kesempatan potensial yang banyak harus dikejar lebih dahulu”. Sedangkan diagram pareto menurut Vincent Gaspersz (2012) adalah grafik batang yang menunjukkan masalah berdasarkan urutan banyaknya kejadian”.

Secara definisi diagram Pareto adalah grafik yang berdasarkan prinsip kebijakan efek hal dari sedikit penyebab. Ini merupakan salah satu dari ketujuh alat pengendalian kualitas atau QC Seven Tools sebagai alat untuk mengetahui urutan permasalahan dari banyaknya kejadian.

diagram pareto adalah
contoh diagram pareto

Sejarah Diagram Pareto

Diagram Pareto merupakan hasil dari suatu prinsip yang berdasarkan pada pengamatan oleh Vilfredo Pareto (ada juga yang menulisnya sebagai Alfredo Pareto), seorang ekonom-sosiolog Italia, Profesor Ekonomi Politik di Lausanne, Swiss (1848-1923).

Sekitar tahun 1896, Pareto menemukan bahwa kekayaan hanya terkonsentrasi di tangan beberapa orang saja. Ketika itu ia memperkirakan bahwa 80% dari tanah di Italia dimiliki oleh 20% dari penduduknya atau kekayaan itu hanya dipegang oleh sebagian kecil dari populasi.

Diagram Pareto ini kemudian terkenal dengan prinsip 80/20, yaitu dimana 20 % dari masalah memiliki 80 % dari dampak dan hanya 20 % dari masalah yang ada adalah penting. Selebihnya adalah masalah yang mudah. Artinya dari semua masalah yang ada, hanya sedikit yang sering terjadi sedangkan yang lainnya jarang terjadi. Bahkan kemudian dari sudut pandang kualitas, professor J. M. Juran (Ahli Mutu) mengadopsi ide Pareto ini, sebagai “asumsi Juran” sebagai instrument untuk mengklasifikasi masalah kualitas.

Seperti hanya 20% dari masalah yang menyebabkan 80% dari kerusakan/kesalahan/kecacatan. Demikian pun, bahwa sebagian besar hasil dalam situasi apa pun merupakan hasil dari sejumlah kecil penyebab. Ide yang sering ada pada data seperti angka penjualan: “80% penjualan merupakan hasil penentuan oleh 20 pelanggan”.

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Konsep 80/20% dalam Pareto

Pengertian Diagram Pareto berdasarkan data statistik dan prinsip bahwa 20% penyebab bertanggungjawab terhadap 80% masalah yang muncul atau sebaliknya. Definisi tersebut menegaskan bahwa lebih mudah mengurangi bagian lajur yang terletak di bagian kiri daripada mencoba untuk menghilangkan secara sistematik lajur yang terletak di sebelah kanan diagram.

Hal ini dapat kita artikan bahwa diagram ini dapat menghasilkan sedikit sebab penting untuk meningkatkan mutu produk atau jasa.

Keberhasilan penggunaan diagram ini sangat ditentukan oleh partisipasi personel terhadap situasi yang diamati, dampak keuangan yang terlihat pada proses perbaikan situasi dan penetapan tujuan secara tepat. Faktor lain yang perlu kita hindari adalah jangan membuat persoalan terlalu kompleks dan juga jangan terlalu mencari penyederhanaan pemecahan.

Cara Membuat Diagram Pareto

Cara membuatnya sebagai berikut:

  1. Mencari fakta dari topik kendali mutu yang terukur.
  2. Menghitung banyaknya masalah dan mengelompokkan sesuai dengan periodenya.
  3. Membentuk histogram evaluasi dari kondisi awal permasalahan yang kita temui.
  4. Mengurutkan diagram batang dari yang terbesar hingga terkecil, untuk kemudian kita buatkan diagram paretonya.
  5. Melakukan rencana dan pelaksanaan perbaikan dari evaluasi awal permasalahan yang kita temui berdasarkan resiko yang paling minimum.
  6. Melakukan standarisasi dari hasil perbaikan yang telah kita tetapkan dan menentukan tema selanjutnya.

Demikianlah penjelasan mengenai diagram ini beserta tahapan pembuatannya, semoga dapat memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat bagi pembaca.

Untuk cara pembuatannya menggunakan MS Excel silahkan klik link berikut:

Cara membuat diagram pareto menggunakan ms excel

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