Teori Kepemimpinan Michigan: Teori, Evaluasi dan Kritik

Teori Perilaku Kepemimpinan Michigan adalah studi kepemimpinan yang berasal di Universitas Michigan pada 1950-an. Teori tersebut mengidentifikasi prinsip-prinsip dan jenis gaya kepemimpinan yang mengarah pada produktivitas yang lebih besar dan peningkatan kepuasan kerja. Studi mengidentifikasi dua gaya kepemimpinan yang luas: Kepemimpinan yang berpusat pada pekerjaan dan Kepemimpinan yang berpusat pada pekerjaan .

Studi mengidentifikasi dua gaya kepemimpinan yang berbeda:

  • Kepemimpinan yang berpusat pada pekerjaan: Manajer yang menggunakan perilaku pemimpin yang berpusat pada pekerjaan memperhatikan pekerjaan bawahan, menjelaskan prosedur kerja dan sangat tertarik dengan kinerja.
  • Kepemimpinan yang berpusat pada karyawan: Manajer yang menggunakan perilaku pemimpin yang berpusat pada karyawan tertarik untuk mengembangkan kelompok kerja yang terpadu dan memastikan bahwa karyawan puas dengan pekerjaan mereka. Studi Kepemimpinan Michigan menemukan bahwa kedua gaya kepemimpinan mengarah pada peningkatan produksi.

Namun, tekanan langsung dan pengawasan ketat menyebabkan penurunan kepuasan dan peningkatan resign dan absensi.

Sedangkan, pendekatan yang berpusat pada karyawan mengarah pada prosedur alur kerja yang lebih baik dan lebih banyak interaksi yang menghasilkan peningkatan kepuasan dan penurunan resign dan absensi.

Ini menunjukkan keunggulan gaya kepemimpinan yang berpusat pada karyawan.

Baca juga:
1. Kepemimpinan transformasional vs transaksional
2. Kepemimpinan dan 10 faktor kepemimpinan

Evaluasi dan Kritik Studi Teori Kepemimpinan Michigan

‘Studi-studi ini dikritik dengan alasan berikut:

  • Studi Kepemimpinan Michigan gagal untuk menentukan apakah perilaku kepemimpinan memberikan dampak. Mereka tidak mengklarifikasi apakah kepemimpinan yang berpusat pada karyawan membuat kelompok menjadi produktif atau kelompok yang sangat produktif mendorong pemimpin untuk berpusat pada karyawan. Cara karyawan bekerja dapat memengaruhi pemimpin untuk menjadi lebih aktif memberikan arahan arahan karena rumitnya tugas. Demikian juga, jika karyawan membuktikan diri mereka mampu dan menangani tugas-tugas mereka dengan lancar sendiri, hanya akan ada sedikit arahan yang diperlukan. Pekerja yang telah mempelajari dan mengerjakan tugas selama bertahun-tahun mungkin tidak memerlukan manajer langsung untuk mengeluarkan arahan; dengan demikian, dalam konteks itu, lebih mungkin bagi pemimpin untuk memberi mereka lebih banyak keleluasan.
  • Studi Kepemimpinan Michigan tidak mempertimbangkan sifat tugas bawahan atau karakteristik pribadi mereka. Karakteristik kelompok dan variabel situasional lainnya juga diabaikan.
  • Tidak mempertimbangkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan tidak cocok untuk semua organisasi atau keadaan. Menggunakan cara kepemimpinan yang sama di dua perusahaan yang berbeda masih dapat mengakibatkan kegagalan atau kesuksesan karena adanya elemen lain yang berperan.
Baca Juga:  Aliran manajemen yang pemikirannya fokus pada usaha untuk mencapai kepuasan pelanggan adalah aliran

Selain itu, para pemimpin tidak perlu membatasi diri mereka pada gaya tertentu. Mereka hanya perlu mengadopsi kedua gaya tersebut dan menggunakannya sesuai situasi.

147 Replies to “Teori Kepemimpinan Michigan: Teori, Evaluasi dan Kritik

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